阴道分娩产妇盆底肌功能影响因素的研究
目的 探讨产后6~8周产妇盆底肌功能的影响因素，照顾小孩13825404095为临床干预提供参考。方法 选取阴道分娩产妇1 232例，于产后6~8周完成盆底肌功能检测，回顾性收集其人口学资料和临床资料，分析盆底肌表面肌电图异常的影响因素。结果 1 232例产妇盆底肌前静息阶段异常605例（49.1%），快肌（Ⅱ类纤维）阶段异常839例（68.1%），慢肌（Ⅰ类纤维）阶段异常1 012例（82.1%），耐力测试阶段异常1 029例（83.5%），后静息阶段异常443例（36.0%）。第一产程时间是慢肌阶段异常的危险因素（P＜0.05），年龄≥30岁是耐力测试阶段异常的危险因素（P＜0.05），经产妇是快肌阶段和耐力测试阶段异常的保护因素，硬膜外镇痛是慢肌阶段、快肌阶段和耐力测试阶段异常的保护因素（均P＜0.05）。结论 硬膜外镇痛是阴道分娩产妇产后早期盆底肌功能的保护因素，年龄≥30岁及第一产程过长会增加盆底肌损伤的风险。可根据产妇情况采取针对性护理干预措施，保护其盆底肌功能。
Abstract:
Objective To explore the factors affecting muscle function of the pelvic floor in women after normal vaginal delivery and to provide reference for clinical intervention.Methods A total of 1,232 women after normal vaginal delivery were selected and their pelvic floor muscle function was assessed at 6-8 weeks postpartum using surface electromyography (sEMG), then their demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected. Factors affecting the incidence of abnormal sEMG signal were analyzed.Results Abnormal sEMG signal was seen in 605 women (49.1%) in pre-testing resting stage, 839 women (68.1%) in fast twitch stage, 1,012 women (82.1%) in slow twitch stage, 1,029 women (83.5%) in endurance testing stage, and 443 women (36.0%) in post-testing resting stage.Prolonged first stage of labor was a risk factor for abnormal sEMG signal in the slow twitch stage （P＜0.05）, age of 30 years or older was a risk factor for abnormal sEMG signal in the endurance testing stage, childbirth expe-rience was a protective factor in the fast twitch stage and endurance testing stage, epidural analgesia was a protective factor in the slow twitch, fast twitch and endurance testing stage （all P＜0.05）.Conclusion Epidural analgesia is a protective factor for pelvic floor muscle function in women after normal vaginal delivery in the early postpartum period.Age of 30 years or older and prolonged first stage of labor may increase the risk of pelvic floor muscle injury.Targeted nursing intervention could be taken according to women′s conditions to protect their muscle function of the pelvic floor.