毒性最强的单端孢霉烯真菌毒素：代谢、毒性和去污策略,Molecules
T-2 毒素——毒性最强的单端孢霉烯真菌毒素：代谢、毒性和去污策略
Molecules
(
IF
4.2
)
Pub Date : 2021-11-14
, DOI:
10.3390/molecules26226868
Edyta Janik
1
,
Marcin Niemcewicz
1
,
Marcin Podogrocki
1
,
Michal Ceremuga
2
,
Maksymilian Stela
3
,
Michal Bijak
1
Affiliation
Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
Military Institute of Armament Technology, Prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland.
CBRN Reconnaissance and Decontamination Department, Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry, Antoniego Chrusciela "Montera" 105, 00-910 Warsaw, Poland.
在单端孢霉烯中，T-2毒素是不同镰刀菌产生的毒性最强的真菌次级代谢产物。物种。此外，据报道，人类和动物因食用受污染的谷类食品和饲料而导致中毒，T-2 是最常见的原因。受 T-2 毒素污染最严重的食物和饲料是由小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和玉米制成的。暴露或摄入后，T-2 立即从消化道或通过呼吸道粘膜吸收，并作为负责毒素代谢的主要器官转运至肝脏。根据年龄、接触方式和剂量，中毒表现为呕吐、拒食、胃坏死和皮肤刺激，在霉菌毒素中毒的情况下很少观察到这种情况。为了消除 T-2 毒素，已发现各种去污技术可以降低农产品中 T-2 毒素的浓度。然而，人们相信这种毒素的 100% 降解是不可能的。在这篇综述中，介绍和讨论了 T-2 毒素的毒性、代谢和净化策略。
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T-2 Toxin—The Most Toxic Trichothecene Mycotoxin: Metabolism, Toxicity, and Decontamination Strategies
Among trichothecenes, T-2 toxin is the most toxic fungal secondary metabolite produced by different Fusarium species. Moreover, T-2 is the most common cause of poisoning that results from the consumption of contaminated cereal-based food and feed reported among humans and animals. The food and feed most contaminated with T-2 toxin is made from wheat, barley, rye, oats, and maize. After exposition or ingestion, T-2 is immediately absorbed from the alimentary tract or through the respiratory mucosal membranes and transported to the liver as a primary organ responsible for toxin's metabolism. Depending on the age, way of exposure, and dosage, intoxication manifests by vomiting, feed refusal, stomach necrosis, and skin irritation, which is rarely observed in case of mycotoxins intoxication. In order to eliminate T-2 toxin, various decontamination techniques have been found to mitigate the concentration of T-2 toxin in agricultural commodities. However, it is believed that 100% degradation of this toxin could be not possible. In this review, T-2 toxin toxicity, metabolism, and decontamination strategies are presented and discussed.